A sidebar to the article “The Xerox Star: A retrospective,” published in IEEE Computer, September 1989, pp. 27-28.

For interested readers, we provide here a guide to further reading on Star and related topics. A more comprehensive and detailed version of this retrospective will appear in an upcoming Prentice-Hall book series. Also, the September issue of IEEE Spectrum includes an article, Of Mice and Menus, on graphical user interfaces past and present. The authors of that article consulted several people who contributed to or are mentioned in this Star retrospective.

In the following bibliography, readings are categorized according to whether they pertain to work done prior to the establishment of Xerox PARC, to work done at PARC, to the original Star design done at Xerox SDD,⁸ to enhancements to Star and ViewPoint, and to work on related topics.

Pre-Xerox

Bush, V., “As We May Think,” Atlantic Monthly, Vol. 176, No. 1, July 1945, pp. 101-108.

Engelbart, D.C. and W.K. English, "A Research Center for Augmenting Human Intelect," Proc. FJCC, Vol. 33, AFIPS, 1968, pp. 395-410.

English, W.K., D.C. Engelbart, and M.L. Berman, "Display-Selection Techniques for Text Manipulation," IEEE Trans. Human Factors in Electronic, HFE-8, 1967, pp. 21-31.

Kay, A.C. The Reactive Engine, PhD thesis, University of Utah, Salt Lake City, 1969.

Sutherland, I.E., Sketchpad: A Man-Machine Graphical Communications System, PhD thesis, M.I.T., Cambridge, Mass., 1963.

Xerox pre-Star

Card, S., W.K. English, and B. Burr, “Evaluation of Mouse, Rate-Controlled Isometric Joystick, Step Keys, and Text Keys for Text Selection on a CRT,” Ergonomics, Vol. 21, 1978, pp. 601-613.

Ellis, C, and G. Nutt, “Computer Science and Office Information Systems,” Xerox PARC Tech. Report SSL-79-6, 1979.

Geschke, C.M., J.H. Morris, Jr., and E.H. Satter-thwaite, “Early Experience with Mesa,” Comm. ACM, Vol. 20, No. 8, 1977, pp. 540-553.

Ingalls, D.H., “The Smalltalk Graphics Kernel,” Byte, Vol. 6, No. 8, Aug. 1981, pp. 168-194.

Kay, A.C., and A. Goldberg, “Personal Dynamic Media,” Computer, Vol. 10, No. 3, March 1977, pp. 31-41.

Kay, A.C., Microelectronics and the Personal Computer, Scientific American, Vol. 237, No. 3, Sept. 1977, pp. 230-244.

Smith, D.C, Pygmalion: A Computer Program to Model and Simulate Creative Thought, Birkhauser Verlag, Basel and Stuttgart, 1977.

Thacker, C.P., et al., “Alto: A Personal Computer,” in Computer Structures: Principles and Examples, D. Siewioek, C.G. Bell, and A. Newell, eds., McGraw Hill, New York, 1982.

Star

Curry, G., et al., “Traits – An Approach to Multiple-Inheritance Subclassing,” Proc. ACM Conf. on Office Automation Systems (SIGOA), 1982.

Dalai, Y.K., “Use of Multiple Networks in the Xerox Network System,” Computer, Vol. 15, No. 10, Oct. 1982, pp. 82-92.

Johnsson, R.K., and J.D. Wick, “An Overview of the Mesa Processor Architecture,” SIGPlan Notices, Vol. 17, No. 4, 1982.

Lipkie, D.E., et al., “Star Graphics: An Object-Oriented Implementation,” Computer Graphics, Vol. 16, No. 3, July 1982, pp. 115-124.

Shoch, J.F., et al., “Evolution of the Ethernet Local Computer Network,” Computer, Vol. 15, No. 9, Aug. 1982, pp. 10-27.

Smith, D.C, et al., Designing the Star User Interface, Byte, Vol. 7, No. 4, April 1982, pp. 242-282.

Sweet, R.E., and J.G. Sandman, Jr., “Empirical Analysis of the Mesa Instruction Set,” SIGPlan Notices, Vol. 17, No. 4, 1982.

Star/ViewPoint enhancements

Becker, J., “Typing Chinese, Japanese, and Korean,” Computer, Vol. 18, No. 1, Jan. 1985, pp. 27-34.

Becker, J., “Arabic Word Processing,” Comm. ACM, Vol. 30, No. 7, July 1987, pp. 600-610.

Bewley, W.L., et al., Human Factors Testing in the Design of Xerox’s 8010 Star Office Workstation, Proc. ACM Conf. on Human Factors in Computing Systems, 1983, pp. 72-77.

Bushan, A., and M. Plass, “The Interpress Page and Document Description Language,” Computer, Vol. 19, No. 6, June 1986, pp. 72-77.

Curry, G., and R. Ayers, “Experience with Traits in Star,” Programming Productivity: Issues for the Eighties, IEEE Computer Society Press, Los Alamitos, Calif., 1986, Order #681.

Halbert, D., “Programming by Example,” Xerox OSD Tech. Report OSD-T84-02, 1984.

Lewis, B., and J. Hodges, “Shared Books: Collaborative Publication Management for an Office Information System,” Proc. ACM Conf. on Office Information Systems, 1988.

Miscellaneous

Bly, S., and J. Rosenberg, “A Comparison of Tiled and Overlapping Windows,” Proc. ACM Conf. on Computer-Human Interaction, 1986, pp. 101-106.

Goldberg, A., Smalltalk-80: The Interactive Programming Environment, Addison-Wesley Publishing, Reading, Mass., 1984.

Goldberg, A., and D. Robson, Smalltalk-80: The Language and its Implementation, Addison-Wesley Publishing, Reading, Mass., 1984.

Halasz, F., and T. Moran, “Analogy Considered Harmful,” Proc. ACM Conf. on Human Factors in Computing Systems, Gaithersburg, MD, 1982, pp. 383-386.

Houston, T., “The Allegory of Software: Beyond, Behind, and Beneath the Electronic Desk,” Byte, Dec. 1983, pp. 210-214.

Johnson, J., “Calculator Functions on Bitmapped Computers,” SIGCHI Bulletin, Vol. 17, No. 1, July 1985, pp. 23-28.

Johnson, J., “How Closely Should the Electronic Desktop Simulate the Real One?” SIGCHI Bulletin, Vol. 19, No. 2, Oct. 1987, pp. 21-25.

Johnson, J., “Modes in Non-Computer Devices,” in press, Int’l J. Man-Machine Studies, 1989.

Johnson, J., and R. Beach, “Styles in Document Editing Systems,” Computer, Vol. 21, No. 1, Jan. 1988, pp. 32-43.

Malone, T.W., “How Do People Organize Their Desks: Implications for the Design of Office Information Systems,” ACM Trans. on Office Information Systems, Vol. 1, No. 1, 1983, pp. 99-112.

Rosenberg, J.K., and T.P. Moran, “Generic Commands,” Proc. First Int’l Conf. on Human-Computer Interaction (Interact-84), 1984, pp. 1,360-1,364.

Teitelman, W., “A Tour Through Cedar,” IEEE Software, April 1984.

Whiteside, J., et al., “User Performance with Command, Menu, and Iconic Interfaces,” Proc. ACM SIGCHI ’85, 1985, pp. 185-191.