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 Figures and tablesix Chapter1 Chapter 1. Philosophy1 A view of the user2  General design principles3 Metaphors from the real world3  Direct manipulation4 See-and-point (instead of remember-and-type)4 Consistency6 WYSIWYG (what you see is what you get)6 User control7 Feedback and dialog7 Forgiveness8  Perceived stability8  Aesthetic integrity9  Principles of graphic communication9  Visual consistency10  Simplicity10  Clarity11 A strategy for programming11  Modelessness12  The event loop13  Reversible actions13  The screen14  Plain language14 User testing15 The design process15 Test subjects15 Procedures15 Designing for disabled people16  Vision disabilities16  Hearing disabilities17  Other disabilities17 Chapter 2. Elements of the Desktop Interface19 Screen elements20  The desktop20  Windows22 Window manipulation23 Dialog boxes, alert boxes, and controls23  Menus24 The menu bar25 Menu items25 Human-computer interaction27  Pointing28 Mouse actions28 Pointers28 Selecting29  Keyboard actions30  Color30 What is color?31 Standard uses of color31 Color coding31 General principles of color design32 Design in black and white32 Limit color use33  Contrast and discrimination33 Colors on grays33 Colored text34 Beware of blue34 Small objects34  Specific recommendations34 Backgrounds34 Outlines34 Highlighting and selection35 Menus35 Windows35 Dialog and alert boxes35 Pointers35  Sound36 When to use sound36 Getting attention36 Alerts36 Modes36 General guidelines37  Restraint37  Redundancy37  Unobtrusiveness37  Significant differences37  User control37  Summary38 Chapter 3. Specifications39 Introduction40  The desktop40  Windows42 Document windows43 Opening and closing windows43 Multiple windows44 The active window45 Moving a window45 Changing the size of a window46 Window zooming46  Scroll bars49 Scrolling with the scroll arrows50 Scrolling by windowful50 Scrolling by dragging the scroll box51 Proportional scroll boxes51 Automatic scrolling52  Splitting a window53  Panels55  Controls, dialog boxes, and alerts55 Controls56  Buttons56 Check boxes and radio button56  Dials57 Dialog boxes58 Alerts60  Beeps60  Alert boxes61  Desk accessories63  Menus65 The menu bar65 Menu items66 Choosing a menu item66 Appearance of menu items67 Grouping operations in menus67 Toggled menu items68 Special visual features69 Scrolling menus 71 Keyboard equivalents for menu items72  Interrupting an operation73  The standard menus74  The Apple menu74  The File menu75 New76 Open76 Close77 Save78 Save As78 Revert to Saved79 Page Setup79 Print80 Quit80  The Edit menu80 The Clipboard81 Undo82 Cut83 Copy83 Paste83 Clear83 Select All84 Show Clipboard84  Font-related menus84 Font menu84 FontSize menu85 Style menu86  Special menu types87 Hierarchical menus87  Pop-up menus88  Palettes90  Tear-off menus91  The pointing device93 Cursors, pointers, and insertion points93  Mouse actions95 Clicking95 Double-clicking96 Pressing96 Dragging97 Mouse-ahead97 The keyboard98 Character keys98 Enter98 Tab98 Return99 Backspace (or Delete)99 Clear99 Escape99  Modifier keys100 Shift100 Caps Lock100 Option100 The Apple (or Command) key101 The Control key101  Type-ahead and auto-repeat101  International keyboards102  Arrow keys102 Appropriate uses for the arrow keys102  Moving the insertion point103  Moving the insertion point in empty documents103  Using modifier keys with arrow keys104  Function keys105  Selecting106 Types of objects106  Selection in general108 Selection by clicking108 Range selection109 Extending a selection109 Making a discontinuous selection110  Selection by data type111 Selections in text111 Making a selection with arrow keys113 Undoing a text selection114 Selections in graphics115 Selections in arrays and tables116  Editing text118 Inserting text118  Backspacing118  Replacing text118  Intelligent cut and paste119  Editing fields120 Appendix A. The Roots of the Apple Desktop Interface123 Appendix B. Software for International Markets125 General guidelines125  Macintosh localization126 Text127 Line spacing127  Font selection127  Uppercase and lowercase127 Menus128 The International Utilities Package128 The Script Manager128 Dialog and alert boxes 129 Appendix C. Recommended Reading131  Index137 |