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 Introduction What’s Newxvii How to Use This Guidexviii How to Apply the Guidelinesxix Conventions Used in This Guidexx Part I: Fundamentals of designing user interaction Chapter 1: Design Principles and Methodology User-Centered Design Principles3 User in Control3 Directness4 Consistency5 Forgiveness6 Feedback7 Aesthetics7 Simplicity8 Design Methodology9 A Balanced Design Team9 The Design Cycle9 Usability Assessment in the Design Process12 Understanding Users15 Design Tradeoffs16 Chapter 2: Basic Concepts Data-Centered Design17 Objects as Metaphor18 Object Characteristics 18 Relationships19 Composition19 Persistence20 Putting Theory into Practice20 Chapter 3: The Windows Environment The Desktop23 The Taskbar24 The Start Button25 Window Buttons26 The Status Area26 Icons26 Windows28 Chapter 4: Input Basics Mouse Input29 Mouse Pointers29 Mouse Actions31 Keyboard Input32 Text Keys33 Access Keys33 Mode Keys34 Shortcut Keys35 Pen Input37 Pen Pointers39 Pen Gestures40 Pen Recognition41 Ink Input41 Targeting42 Chapter 5: General Interaction Techniques Navigation43 Mouse and Pen Navigation44 Keyboard Navigation44 Selection45 Selection Feedback46 Scope of Selection47 Hierarchical Selection47 Mouse Selection48 Pen Selection55 Keyboard Selection56 Selection Shortcuts57 Common Conventions for Supporting Operations58 Operations for a Multiple Selection58 Default Operations and Shortcut Techniques59 View Operations 59 Editing Operations62 Editing Text62 Handles63 Transactions64 Properties65 Pen-Specific Editing Techniques66 Transfer Operations72 Command Method74 Direct Manipulation Method77 Transfer Feedback83 Specialized Transfer Commands86 Shortcut Keys for Transfer Operations87 Creation Operations87 Copy Command87 New Command88 Insert Command88 Using Controls88 Using Templates88 Operations on Linked Objects89 Part II: Windows interface components Chapter 6: Windows Common Types of Windows95 Primary Window Components95 Window Frames96 Title Bars96 Title Bar Icons97 Title Text98 Title Bar Buttons101 Basic Window Operations103 Activating and Deactivating Windows103 Opening and Closing Windows104 Moving Windows106 Resizing Windows106 Scrolling Windows109 Splitting Windows116 Chapter 7: Menus, Controls, and Toolbars Menus121 The Menu Bar and Drop-down Menus121 Common Drop-down Menus 124 Pop-up Menus126 Pop-up Menu Interaction128 Common Pop-up Menus129 Cascading Menus133 Menu Titles134 Menu Items135 Controls140 Buttons141 List Boxes149 Text Fields157 Other General Controls163 Pen-Specific Controls169 Toolbars and Status Bars172 Interaction with Controls in Toolbars and Status Bars173 Support for User Options174 Toolbar and Status Bar Controls175 Common Toolbar Buttons176 Chapter 8: Secondary Windows Characteristics of Secondary Windows179 Appearance and Behavior179 Window Placement183 Modeless vs. Modal183 Default Buttons184 Navigation in Secondary Windows185 Validation of Input187 Property Sheets and Inspectors187 Property Sheet Interface188 Property Sheet Commands190 Closing a Property Sheet191 Property Inspectors191 Properties of a Multiple Selection192 Properties of a Heterogeneous Selection193 Properties of Grouped Items193 Dialog Boxes193 Dialog Box Commands194 Layout194 Common Dialog Box Interfaces195 Palette Windows207 Message Boxes209 Title Bar Text209 Message Box Types209 Command Buttons in Message Boxes212 Message Box Text213 Pop-up Windows215 Part III: Design specifications and guidelines Chapter 9: Window management Single Document Window Interface219 Multiple Document Interface220 Opening and Closing MDI Windows222 Moving and Sizing MDI Windows223 Switching Between MDI Child Windows225 MDI Alternatives225 Workspaces227 Workbooks229 Projects231 Selecting a Window Model233 Presentation of Object or Task233 Display Layout234 Data-Centered Design235 Combination of Alternatives235 Chapter 10: Integrating with the System The Registry237 Registering Application State Information238 Registering Application Path Information241 Registering File Extensions242 Supporting Creation249 Registering Icons250 Registering Commands251 Enabling Printing253 Registering OLE253 Registering Shell Extensions254 Supporting the Quick View Command256 Registering Sound Events257 Installation257 Copying Files257 Providing Access to Your Application260 Designing Your Installation Program260 Installing Fonts262 Installing Your Application on a Network262 Uninstalling Your Application263 Supporting AutoPlay264 System Naming Conventions266 Taskbar Integration268 Taskbar Window Buttons268 Status Notification269 Message Notification270 Application Desktop Toolbars271 Full-Screen Display272 Recycle Bin Integration273 Control Panel Integration273 Adding Control Panel Objects273 Adding to the Passwords Object273 Plug and Play Support275 System Settings and Notification275 Modeless Interaction276 Chapter 11: Working with OLE Embedded and OLE Linked Objects The Interaction Model277 Creating OLE Embedded and OLE Linked Objects279 Transferring Objects279 Inserting New Objects285 Displaying Objects290 Selecting Objects293 Accessing Commands for Selected Objects295 Activating Objects297 Outside-in Activation297 Inside-out Activation297 Container Control of Activation298 OLE Visual Editing of OLE Embedded Objects300 The Active Hatched Border304 Menu Integration305 Keyboard Interface Integration308 Toolbars, Frame Adornments, and Palette Windows310 Opening OLE Embedded Objects313 Editing an OLE Linked Object316 Automatic and Manual Updating318 Operations and Links319 Types and Links320 Link Management320 Accessing Properties of OLE Objects321 The Properties Command321 The Links Command324 Converting Types326 Using Handles329 Undo Operations for Active and Open Objects330 Displaying Messages332 Object Application Messages332 OLE Linked Object Messages334 Status Line Messages336 Chapter 12: User Assistance Contextual User Assistance339 Context-Sensitive Help339 Guidelines for Writing Context-Sensitive Help342 Tooltips343 Status Bar Messages344 Guidelines for Writing Status Bar Messages345 The Help Command Button346 Task-Oriented Help347 Task Topic Windows347 Guidelines for Writing Task Help Topics348 Shortcut Buttons349 Reference Help350 The Reference Help Window351 Guidelines for Writing Reference Help352 The Help Topics Browser354 The Help Topics Tabs354 Wizards358 Guidelines for Designing Wizards359 Guidelines for Writing Text for Wizard Pages363 Chapter 13: Visual Design Visual Communication365 Composition and Organization366 Color368 Fonts370 Dimensionality371 Design of Visual Elements372 Basic Border Styles372 Window Border Style373 Button Border Styles374 Field Border Style375 Status Field Border Style376 Grouping Border Style376 Visual States for Controls377 Layout384 Font and Size384 Capitalization387 Grouping and Spacing388 Alignment389 Placement389 Design of Graphic Images390 Icon Design391 Pointer Design394 Selection Appearance395 Highlighting396 Handles397 Transfer Appearance398 Open Appearance399 Animation400 Chapter 14: Special Design Considerations Sound401 Accessibility403 Types of Disabilities404 Types of Accessibility Aids406 Compatibility with Screen Review Utilities408 The User’s Point of Focus411 Timing and Navigational Interfaces411 Color412 Keyboard and Mouse Interface413 Documentation, Packaging, and Support414 Usability Testing414 Internationalization415 Text416 Graphics417 Keyboards 418 Character Sets419 Formats419 Layout420 References to Unsupported Features420 Network Computing421 Leverage System Support421 Client-Server Applications421 Shared Data Files422 Record Processing422 Telephony423 Microsoft Exchange424 Coexisting with Other Information Services424 Adding Menu Items and Toolbar Buttons424 Supporting Connections425 Installing Information Services425 Part IV: Appendixes Appendix A: Mouse Interface Summary Interaction Guidelines for Common Unmodified Mouse Actions429 Interaction Guidelines for Using the SHIFT Key to Modify Mouse Actions431 Interaction Guidelines for Using the CTRL Key to Modify Mouse Actions435 Appendix B: Keyboard Interface Summary Common Navigation Keys437 Common Shortcut Keys438 Windows Keys439 Accessibility Keys440 Access Key Assignments441 Appendix C: Guidelines Summary General Design443 Design Process444 Input and Interaction444 Windows445 Control Usage446 Integration447 User Assistance448 Visual Design448 Sound449 Accessibility449 International Users450 Network Users450 Appendix D: Supporting Specific Versions of Microsoft Windows Microsoft Windows 3.1451 Microsoft Windows NT 3.51 453 Appendix E: International Word Lists International Word Lists455 Glossary 511 Bibliography523 Index527 |